calm

psychic_temperament

Proto-Siouan-Catawba

Proto-Siouan

Proto-Mississipi-Valley *-w-ráke

Proto-Dakota *awráke-

Lakota ablákela EB:54a

Dakota amdákedaŋ , †amdákedą ‘a calm’ SRR:32a

Proto-Hoocąk-Chiwere

Hoocąk hatak , †hatak ‘calm’ MM:239 , hadak, hadakdji , †hatak

Proto-Dhegiha *-brake

Kanza/Kaw oyáblage ~ oyágable ‘calm, windbreak’ RR

Osage uthúbthage , †oðóbrake ‘a calm’ LF:178b

General comment

The Hoocąk correspondence is irregular, but the semantic match is exact.

This root is uncommon in that it appears to show evidence of MVS-internal derivation of a *wr cluster, most likely from earlier *wa-Ráke.

Language Cognate Phonetic Siouan Meaning Comment Sources