physical_motion
Proto-Siouan-Catawba
Proto-Siouan
Proto-Mississipi-Valley *-wįɣE
Proto-Dakota
Lakota yuwį́ɣA ‘turn around, back’ EB:656a , yuwį́žA ‘bend (e.g., wire)’ EJ
Proto-Hoocąk-Chiwere *-wį́xe
Chiwere luwį́xeną ‘turn’ GM
Hoocąk wawį́x ‘hour’ , wawįx
Proto-Dhegiha *hkówįɣe
Omaha-Ponca kkówįɣe ‘wandering about’
Kanza/Kaw bakkómįɣe ‘turn something, spin’ RR
Osage baḳúwiⁿxe , †pahkówįɣe ‘turn something by pushing’ LF:22a
Quapaw tákkowįɣáɣa ‘turn in circles by fire’ JOD
The various combinations of morphemes found under ‘turn’, ‘twist’ suggest a compound root in DH. The elements seem most frequently to be *hko and *wį, or both, with the extension *Se, and they seem to be relatively independent. Cf. ‘twist (1)’ for more of the same. In addition, this root is peculiar and probably recent in several languages in that the w has not nasalized. There may be a Catawba cognate, -wąče ‘twist’ (Kanza/Kaw-235) although the sound correspondences are poorly understood at best.
| Language | Cognate | Phonetic Siouan | Meaning | Comment | Sources |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|