bad (2)

verb evaluative

Proto-Siouan-Catawba

Proto-Siouan *xí•(-ke)

Pre-Mandan *xík-

Mandan xíkoʔš ‘it’s bad’ RTC

Proto-Southeastern

Proto-Biloxi-Ofo

Biloxi xiyá ‘bad, cunning’ D&S:221a

General comment

Mandan has suffixed *-kE. We reconstruct length on the basis of its presence in the š-grade, cf. ‘bad (1)’.

Language Cognate Phonetic Siouan Meaning Comment Sources