adverb physical_spatial

Proto-Siouan-Catawba

Proto-Siouan *á(•)ka

Proto-Crow-Hidatsa *á•ka

Crow áaka RG, GG:1, RGG:63

Hidatsa á•ka ‘top, upper region, upper surface’ [cf. LA usage as locative prefix] J , ák- ‘at, on, unto, onto’ J

Proto-Mississipi-Valley áka

Proto-Dakota *aką ~ *aka

Lakota aką́ ‘on, on top’ [aspiration ?] RTC , akápaṫaŋhaŋ ‘on the outside, from above’ EB:69a

Dakota ákapata ‘on the outside, on top, from above’ [aspiration?] SRR

Sioux Valley aką́ PAS

Proto-Dhegiha *ákaha

Omaha-Ponca agaha JOD

Kanza/Kaw ágaha ‘top, up on top, up’ RR

Osage ákaha RR