verb physical_contact_impact

Proto-Siouan-Catawba

Proto-Siouan *-šta•

Proto-Crow-Hidatsa *-šta•

Crow -schii, dá- ‘chew’ GG:42, RGG:31

Hidatsa šta•, ara- ‘trample’ J , šta•, ná- ‘chew’ J

Proto-Mississipi-Valley

Proto-Dhegiha

Kanza/Kaw šca, ogá- ‘flatten by action of the water’ RR