spine (1)

noun physical_somatic_body_part

Proto-Siouan-Catawba

Proto-Siouan *rą́xa-hu

Proto-Crow-Hidatsa *raxa-

Crow alaxaaló ‘spine; backbone’ GG:8, RGG:67 , annáakku ‘saddle’ GG:11, RGG:106, RG , ara’xá•ra ‘his spine’ L:341

Hidatsa ra•xukhe ‘saddle’ J , na•xukhe ‘vertebral processes’ WM:76 , daḣaḣa

Proto-Mississipi-Valley *(i-)rą́xa-hu

Proto-Dakota

Lakota tacáŋḣaḣaka , †tačhą́xaxaka ‘1st bones of buffalo’s spine’ EB:472b

Proto-Hoocąk-Chiwere

Chiwere ną́xathu GM

Proto-Dhegiha *ną́xa hü

Omaha-Ponca nóⁿxahi , †ną́xa hi ‘spine; backbone’ F&LF:108

Kanza/Kaw ną́xa hǘ ‘backbone’ RR

Osage nóⁿxa’hi, nóⁿxahi , †ną́xa hü ‘spine, backbone’ LF:117b

General comment

The Lakota cognate is analyzed čhą́xa < *i-rąxa, with the possessed body part prefix. Cf. ‘back’, ‘rough (1)’, etc.

Language Cognate Phonetic Siouan Meaning Comment Sources