son, second born

noun social_kin

Proto-Siouan-Catawba

Proto-Siouan

Proto-Mississipi-Valley *(ki)-hé•

Proto-Dakota

Dakota he- in ‘second son’ SRR:45 , hepáŋ ‘third son’ , he- in , hepí

Proto-Hoocąk-Chiwere *hé•ną

Chiwere he•ną́ ‘second son’

Hoocąk héeną, heeną́ ‘second son’ KM:787 , heeną

Proto-Dhegiha *(į)-khé

Omaha-Ponca įkhé ‘last son’ JOD

Kanza/Kaw khéga ‘second son’ RR , ikhé ‘birth name, 2nd boy’ RR

Osage kshóⁿga , †khé-ǫka ‘second son (a special kinship term used by members of a family only)’ LF:90b

Quapaw †įkhé žíka ‘second son’ JOD

General comment

RR DH combines *ki- ‘ones own’ with *he. The common initial syllable syncope yields the aspirate. Note that once again the DH possessive prefix is nasalized irregularly, cf. other birth names for sons. This needs explanation. Perhaps there were only two roots for ‘sons’ in Proto-Siouan/Proto-Mississipi-Valley: one for ‘first’ and one for ‘last’. As additional sons are born, the ‘last’ term is moved down to the new child, and a derivational process modifies the name of the penultimate son.

Language Cognate Phonetic Siouan Meaning Comment Sources