even (1)

perceptual

Proto-Siouan-Catawba

Proto-Siouan *tkú•sE

Pre-Mandan

Mandan tkuš ‘real, true’ H:254

Proto-Mississipi-Valley *tkúse ~ *tkų́se

Proto-Dakota *tkų́za

Lakota tkų́za ‘even, just, square with’ RTC , yutkų́za ‘cut off even’ EB:654 , katkų́za ‘cut off square’ EB:293 , tkų́za, ya- ‘bite off even’ EB:630 , tkųza, pa- ‘press in full, make even full; to strike off level, as in measuring grain’ EB:432

Dakota tkuŋsá , †tkųzá ‘even, just, exactly’ SRR:472a

Proto-Hoocąk-Chiwere

Hoocąk hakirúcgus ǰį́i ‘be even in length, coincide with’ KM:606 , hakirucgus, hakirucgusjį (= hakirucgus + xjį)

Proto-Southeastern *-tkú•(-si)

Proto-Biloxi-Ofo

Biloxi ḳóhĕ, tḳóhĕ, ṭikohi, tĭkóhĕ, dĭkóhĕ , †tkóhi ‘just, entirely, altogether, sure enough’ D&S:211b

Proto-Tutelo-Saponi

Tutelo iⁿṭkŭś ‘straight edged’ JOD , lakatkōsa ‘cut with knife’ H , tko•sa, laka- ‘to cut with knife’ H , tku•sisel, laka- ‘he cuts it off with an axe’ H , tku•sisel, ną- ‘he breaks it off with the foot’ H , tku•sisel, la- ‘he bites it off’ H , lakatkúca, lakatkúsisel ‘cut with axe’ JOD , tkuša, wila- ‘I break it’ D , tkuša, igla- ‘to break one’s own’ D , tkuša, ila- ‘to break’ D , tkuša, laka- ‘to cut with an axe’ D , tkuša, ną- ‘to break with the foot’ D

General comment

Dakotan nasalization is unexplained.

Language Cognate Phonetic Siouan Meaning Comment Sources