chest, breast

noun physical_somatic_body_part

Proto-Siouan-Catawba

Proto-Siouan *awą́•ke or: *i-wą́•ke

Proto-Crow-Hidatsa *í•waki

Crow í•waʻkurù•c ‘breast-bone’ L:135

Hidatsa í•waki ‘chest’ J

Proto-Mississipi-Valley *mą́•ke; mą́ke

Proto-Dakota *mąk-

Lakota makhú ‘chest’ RTC

Stoney mąkhú PAS

Proto-Hoocąk-Chiwere *mą́•ke

Chiwere mą́•ŋe RR

Hoocąk mą́ąk ‘chest (of the body)’ KM:1971 , mąąk

Proto-Dhegiha *mą́•ke

Omaha-Ponca mą́•ge ‘chest’ RTC

Kanza/Kaw mą́ge ‘chest’ RR

Osage moⁿ´ge , †mą́ke ‘chest’ LF:97b

Quapaw mą́ke, mąį́ke, moį́ke ‘chest’ JOD

Proto-Southeastern

Proto-Biloxi-Ofo *amą́ki

Biloxi mạk, amáñgiyáⁿ , †amą́ki ‘chest’ D&S:229a , máñgiahóya , †amą́ki ‘sternum’ , tamáñk , †amą́ki ‘deer brisket’

Ofo amô´ñki, mô´ñki , †amą́ki ‘breast, ribs’ D&S:321a

General comment

Lakota forms are compounded from mak- ‘chest’ and hu ‘bone’. Proto-Siouan is difficult to determine here, since Crow/Hidatsa and Biloxi/Ofo disagree on the initial syllable. Proto-Siouan may be *awą́•ke, following Proto-Biloxi-Ofo. It cannot be *wawą́•ke, even though Biloxi and Ofo typically lose initial *w/*m, because such a form would have given W rather than w in MVS. Following Crow/Hidatsa and the general pattern for body parts, which are usually dependent nouns, Proto-Siouan could be *i-wą́•ke, in which case Biloxi and Ofo have innovated. However, because possession is the expected pattern, innovation is easier to motivate in Proto-Crow-Hidatsa than in Proto-Biloxi-Ofo. Accent placement in Crow/Hidatsa is not accounted for here.

Language Cognate Phonetic Siouan Meaning Comment Sources