verb physical_action

Proto-Siouan-Catawba

Proto-Siouan *ką-

Proto-Crow-Hidatsa

Hidatsa i•ka•xtE ‘make a mistake’ J , i•ka•xti

Pre-Mandan

Mandan ką́hoʔš ‘he misses his target’ H:100 , -ką́hoʔš, ru- ‘he misses his catch’ H:100 , -ką́hoʔš, ka- ‘he shot at something and missed’ H:100

Proto-Mississipi-Valley *kąZį

Proto-Dakota *kąɣí

Lakota kaⁿgígi , †kąɣíɣi ‘do a thing poorly’ EB:283a , kaɣį́ɣį , †kąɣíɣi ‘do a thing poorly’ EJ

Dakota kaġí ‘stop one’s progress, be in one’s way’ SRR:248a

Proto-Hoocąk-Chiwere

Hoocąk -gąš ‘miss, fall short of mark’ KM:307, MM:220 , -gąš ‘miss, shooting’ KM:307 , boogą́š ‘miss, striking’ KM:307 , boogąš ‘make a misstep’ KM:307 , gigą́š , gigąš , nąągą́š , nąągąš

Proto-Dhegiha *ką́žįka

Kanza/Kaw góžįga ~ gó•žįga ‘not to know how’ RR

Osage goⁿ´zhiⁿga , †ką́žįka ‘be unskilled’ LF:53b

Quapaw ką́žika ‘not to know hową’ JOD