verb physical_contact_manipulation
Proto-Siouan-Catawba
Proto-Siouan *kšé•kE
Pre-Mandan
Mandan ksékoʔš ‘it’s crooked’ RTC
Proto-Mississipi-Valley *kšé•kE
Proto-Hoocąk-Chiwere
Hoocąk kšeekšék ‘be crooked’ KM:1907 , kšeekšek
verb physical_contact_manipulation
Proto-Siouan-Catawba
Proto-Siouan *kšé•kE
Pre-Mandan
Mandan ksékoʔš ‘it’s crooked’ RTC
Proto-Mississipi-Valley *kšé•kE
Proto-Hoocąk-Chiwere
Hoocąk kšeekšék ‘be crooked’ KM:1907 , kšeekšek
Lakota/Dakota kšáka ‘bent up, decrepit’ has the wrong vocalism to fit here unequivocally, although it seems clear that the form is derivationally related somehow. Proto-Biloxi-Ofo *ke(•)či ‘bend’ suggests that all of the Siouan terms for ‘bend, crooked’, etc. with root-initial kš probably possessed the Proto-Siouan initial CVC sequence *keš-. This would account for the accentual pattern in the daughter languages also.
| Language | Cognate | Phonetic Siouan | Meaning | Comment | Sources |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|