bend (4)

verb physical_contact_manipulation

Proto-Siouan-Catawba

Proto-Siouan *-SókE

Proto-Crow-Hidatsa

Crow xóhkapi ‘bent over’ RG, GG:62, RGG:98

Proto-Mississipi-Valley *-zókE

Proto-Dakota

Dakota yuzóka ‘stretch out from’ SRR:647b

Proto-Hoocąk-Chiwere

Hoocąk haruzók ‘bend by pulling’ KM:691 , haruzok ‘be springy, spring-like’ KM:728 , hawazók , hawazok

Proto-Dhegiha

Kanza/Kaw bazóge ‘push over, cause to lean, bend’ RR , büzóge ‘bend sth. over by pushing against it’ JOD, RR , gazóge ‘bend sth., cause to lean’ RR

Proto-Southeastern

Proto-Biloxi-Ofo

Ofo shó•ki ‘burst’ D&S:329a, JSS , sxō´ki

General comment

Proto-Mississipi-Valley would presumably have *s, but it should have become z only post accentually. Crow illustrates a different ablaut grade and in addition has an unexplained h cluster that raises questions about cognacy. Ofo may be cognate, but here the meaning is a problem. If it is cognate, Proto-Siouan may have had a long vowel. Outside of MVS this set is not very secure.

Language Cognate Phonetic Siouan Meaning Comment Sources