bag, sack, container

noun physical_artefact_container

Proto-Siouan-Catawba *pą-

Proto-Siouan *hpą́•he

Pre-Mandan *pą•h-

Mandan pą́h ‘be open’ H:135 , wą́pat ‘bag, sack’ H:271 , wą́rąpA•ht ‘in a basket’ RTC

Proto-Mississipi-Valley *hpą́

Proto-Dakota *phą́

Lakota phą́ ‘bag’ D:229, EJ

Dakota paŋbótuka , †phą- ‘an Indian woman’s bag’ SRR:410a

Proto-Hoocąk-Chiwere

Hoocąk pą́ą ‘bag, sack’ KM:2442 , pąą ‘basket’ KM:2212 , ną́ąpą́ą , nąąpąą

Proto-Dhegiha

Quapaw žąppą́hą ‘tree stump’ JOD

Proto-Southeastern *phą́hį

Proto-Biloxi-Ofo

Biloxi pahiⁿ´, paⁿhiⁿ´, paⁿ´hiⁿ , †pą́hį ‘bag, sack’ D&S:243b

Ofo ạtuphôⁿ´tuska , †ətuphą́tuska ‘basket’ D&S:322b

Proto-Tutelo-Saponi

Tutelo páhiⁿgyáa, páhiñgyá’ , †páhį- ‘basket’ HW

Proto-Catawba

Catawba pąʔ ‘hold, contain, be full of’ KS

General comment

Lack of nasalization in the Mandan nouns is problematic. The Catawba form suggests a verb-noun pair, in which case the Proto-Siouan noun might be *wapą́•he.

The attested and reconstructed aspirate implies a (now missing) initial syllable. Since tree stumps and broken trunks generally were a prime source of basket splints, the Quapaw form is a possible candidate for cognacy.

Other languages

  • Cf. Proto-Keresan *pâ•ni ‘bag’ Miller + Davis, IJAL 29:324
Language Cognate Phonetic Siouan Meaning Comment Sources