bad (1)

verb evaluative

Proto-Siouan-Catawba

Proto-Siouan *(i-)ší•(-ke)

Proto-Crow-Hidatsa

Hidatsa išía ‘bad’ J , išihe•´ ‘spoil sth. (caus.)’ J , išihe•´

Proto-Mississipi-Valley *šíkE

Proto-Dakota *šíčA

Lakota šíčA ‘bad’ RTC

Stoney síǰa PAS

Proto-Hoocąk-Chiwere *šíke

Chiwere sik, shik ‘incredible’ [interjection] LWR:27

Otoe irosíge ‘ashamed’ JDH

Hoocąk šiišík ‘be bad, be spoiled (of food)’ KM:2950 , šiišik

Proto-Dhegiha *šíke

Omaha-Ponca †óšige ‘bad one’ F&LF:604

Kanza/Kaw šíge ‘bad, evil, injury’ RR

Osage áąhu shige , †šike ‘compulsion, force one to yield’ LF:11a

Quapaw šíke ‘bad’ RR

Proto-Southeastern *(i-)ší•(-ke)

Proto-Biloxi-Ofo

Ofo tcī´fhehi , †čí•fhehi ‘dangerous’ D&S:329b, JSS

Proto-Tutelo-Saponi

Tutelo māmpā isī , †isi• ‘devil, evil spirit’ H , papacik , †-šik ‘Devil’ FGS:121

General comment

Ofo, MVS (and in one instance) Tutelo have suffixed *-kE. Initial i- of Hidatsa and Tutelo is unexplained and may or may not be reconstructible. Ofo fh suggests possible pre-Ofo *čiCsehi < **čik-sehi. Hidatsa -ia suggests earlier *-iha. Both Tutelo forms probably reflect an s-grade form as Tutelo does not distinguish s and š. Cf. ‘bad (2)’.

Language Cognate Phonetic Siouan Meaning Comment Sources