particle physical_spatial

Proto-Siouan-Catawba

Proto-Siouan

Proto-Mississipi-Valley *-pa

Proto-Dakota

Lakota -pa in: akhówapa ‘further on, beyond a certain object mentioned’ EB:76 , -pa in: ihéktapa ‘behind’ EB:216 , -pa in: tókhiyapa ‘where’ EB:498b , -pa in: itókaxwapa ‘towards the south’ EB:241b

Proto-Dhegiha

Quapaw okáxpa ‘Quapaw, downstream, southward’ RR