pronoun n/a
Proto-Siouan-Catawba
Proto-Siouan
Proto-Mississipi-Valley *wą•k-?
Proto-Dakota ųkí-ʔe or: *ųkí-re
Dakota ųkíye
Proto-Dhegiha *ąkóe < **ąkó-ʔe (?) RR
Omaha-Ponca ągó JEK
Kanza/Kaw ągé RR
Osage oⁿgúe , †ąkó-e ‘we’ LF:122a
Quapaw ǫkówe [possibly plural with -we] JOD, RR
Proto-Southeastern
Proto-Biloxi-Ofo
Biloxi ñḳíxtu , †ąkíxtu ‘we’ D&S:239a
Quapaw may be analyzed as showing the plural -we or the w may analyzed as a late glide replacing the ʔ of the demonstrative, ʔe•. Given the other DH forms, we tend toward the latter explanation, but cf. Biloxi. Tutelo mim (cf. 1Act) (also maesą́i H.) is not cognate but is comparable to Chiwere hį•ne. General lack of close agreement among the subgroups strengthens our belief that inclusive person represents an innovation which spread within Siouan. Biloxi -tu marks ‘pl’ here. Mandan rų- may be non-cognate and related to one of the Catawba inclusive affixes (which also has a Yuchi analog).
| Language | Cognate | Phonetic Siouan | Meaning | Comment | Sources |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|