strike (4)

verb physical_contact_impact

Proto-Siouan-Catawba

Proto-Siouan *-xtákE

Proto-Crow-Hidatsa *xtakE

Crow xsachi, pá- ‘massage, knead’ GG:53

Hidatsa xtaki, nú- ‘fumble around in, e.g. a purse’ J , xtaki, pá- ‘poke, nudge’ J

Proto-Mississipi-Valley *-xtákE

Proto-Dakota *-xtákA

Lakota xtaka, iwó- ‘hit or strike against, bump’ EB:247 , xtáka, na- ‘kick anything’ EB:345 , kíxtaxtaka, na- ‘kick one’s own e.g. horse’ EB:349 , xtaka, waká- ‘be easily hurt, touchy, nervous’ EB:525 , xtáka, wo- ‘pound, punch or knock with the end of anything’ EB:598 , xtáka, ya- ‘bite, to take a hold of with the mouth’ EB:620

Dakota yaḣtáka , †yaxtáka ‘bite’ SRR:606a

Sioux Valley yaxtáka ‘bite’ PAS

Proto-Hoocąk-Chiwere *-xtáke

Chiwere raxdáge ‘bite’ RR

Hoocąk xják, nąą- ‘kick, v.tr. (person)’ KM:2268 , nąąxjak ‘bite (as, animal)’ KM:2582 , xják, ra- , raxjak

Proto-Dhegiha *ra-xtáke

Kanza/Kaw xtáge, ya- ‘bite, as dogs, horses, etc.’ RR

Osage thaxtáge , †ðaxtáke ‘bite’ LF:142b

Quapaw daxtá ‘bite’ RR

General comment

The following Lakota forms show š grade of this root: Lakota štaka, íyapa- ‘be taken by surprise’ B-251; Lakota štaka, íyopa- ‘excite, incite, encourage, actuate, urge’ B-259; Lakota štaka, iyú- ‘soften, make soft, press’. B-809; Lakota štáka, ka- ‘strike, beat, whip’ B-292; Lakota štaka, awó- ‘rebound, as an arrow on something hard not going in’ B-101 The following Hoocąk forms show s grade of this root: Hoocąk sták, boo- (‘dent by shooting, blowing, great force’, Lk-20.2fb) KM-84; Hoocąk sták, gi- (‘pound flat, dent’, Lk-19.18fb) KM-400; Hoocąk sták, nąą- ‘step on someone’s foot’ KM-2223; Hoocąk sták, ra- (‘dent with the mouth’, Lk-19.13fb) KM-2565; Hoocąk sták, wa- ‘flatten by pressing with palm’ KM-3472

Language Cognate Phonetic Siouan Meaning Comment Sources