verb physical_contact

Proto-Siouan-Catawba

Proto-Siouan *skapE

Proto-Crow-Hidatsa

Hidatsa kadĭtskapa , †karickapa ‘stick to, adhere as a glued or pasted surface’ WM:99b

Pre-Mandan *škáp-

Mandan škápoʔš ‘it’s dirty’ RTC

Proto-Mississipi-Valley *skapE

Proto-Dakota *skapA

Lakota ósk̇abya , †óskabya ‘sticking to, adhering’ EB:404a

Dakota áskapa ‘to stick to or on, adhere to’ SRR:48a

Proto-Hoocąk-Chiwere *skápe

Chiwere aráhgawe ~ aráthgawe , †aráθkawe ‘stick, adhere, be fast’ JGT:242

Hoocąk sgaasgáp ‘be sticky’ KM:2819 , sgaasgap ‘be stuck on something; have something adhere to one’ , xgáp, hara- ‘ride on someone’s back’ KM:689 , haraxgap , xgáp, haru- , haruxgap

Proto-Dhegiha *skape

Omaha-Ponca çkáçkabe , †skáskabe ‘be sticky’ MAS:164

Kanza/Kaw baskábe ‘thrust a stick into the mud’ RR , baskáskabe ‘thrust in mud many times’ RR , büskáskabe ‘make sticky by kneading’ RR

Osage çkáçkabe , †skáskabe ‘sticky, miry, muddy’ LF:316b