verb physical_contact_deformation

Proto-Siouan-Catawba

Proto-Siouan *ša

Proto-Crow-Hidatsa

Hidatsa -ša, kirak- ‘break up dirt clods in garden’ [striking prefix] J , šáša ‘fork, divide’ WM

Proto-Mississipi-Valley

Proto-Dakota *žá

Lakota ža, yawá- ‘split fork-like with the mouth. to make a noise with the mouth; something squeaks against your teeth’ EB:630b , žá, ka- ‘split a little, to make gape to hit and split’ EB:278b , žá, na- ‘crush by trampling on e.g. rice’ EB:346b , ža, wayú- ‘stir up; to make mush or hasty pudding’ EB:569b , žáhą, ka- ‘make open out by striking, to press open; open out by striking, to press open; be opened out’ EJ , kažáyA ‘be Y-shaped’ EJ

Dakota kaz´á ‘split a little, make gape’ SRR:274a

Proto-Southeastern

Proto-Biloxi-Ofo

Biloxi dŭkŭtcá soⁿ´sa dutcatí , †daka-čá ‘cut in two at one blow; split’ [given as meaning ‘cut in two at one blow’, but it should be rendered ‘split’] D&S:214a , dûktcá ksá xtahó , †daka-čá ‘fell, as a tree’ D&S:214a , duktcádi , †daka-čá ‘chop wood, etc.’ D&S:214a , dŭktcạ́ hutpĕ´ , †daka-čá ‘cut a hole through with an ax’ D&S:214a