verb perceptual
Proto-Siouan-Catawba
Proto-Siouan *xaráhe
Proto-Crow-Hidatsa *xaráxxi
Crow xaláxxi ‘skinny’ GG:60, RGG:98
Hidatsa xaráxxi ‘thin, skinny’ H&V
Proto-Mississipi-Valley *xra
Proto-Hoocąk-Chiwere *xra
Chiwere xláñį ‘hunger’ GM
Hoocąk -xara ‘thin’ KM:3858 , -xara
Proto-Dhegiha *xra
Kanza/Kaw xlá ‘skinny’ RR
Osage xtha , †xlá ‘emaciate, loss of flesh, waste away’ LF:219b
Quapaw xdá ‘skinny’ ASG, RR
Proto-Southeastern
Proto-Biloxi-Ofo
Biloxi snáhi , †snáhi ‘slim, slender’ D&S:256b
Biloxi shows a different fricative grade. Biloxi also provides evidence for final *h, which might explain the Crow -xx- < *-xhi (?). Then again, the inexplicable Proto-Crow-Hidatsa may simply be some archaic version of reduplication. If this term is like others with the Proto-Siouan shape *Sará-, the second a should be long, with evidence for the length retained in Crow and Hidatsa. Here Crow/Hidatsa have closed syllables which may have served to shorten the vowel. This would imply Proto-Siouan *xará•he.
| Language | Cognate | Phonetic Siouan | Meaning | Comment | Sources |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|