noun
social_kin
Proto-Siouan-Catawba
Proto-Siouan
*i-htą́•ke-aka
Pre-Mandan
*tą•ka
Mandan
kotą́•ka
‘her younger sister’
RTC
Proto-Mississipi-Valley
*i-htą́ka
Proto-Dakota
*thąka
Lakota
thąká
‘woman’s younger sister’
RTC
Dakota
táŋka
, †thą́ka
‘a woman’s younger sister’
SRR:457b
Assiniboine
thąga
[Sask.]
PAS
Stoney
thągá
PAS:694
Proto-Hoocąk-Chiwere
Hoocąk
hičą́kara
‘her younger sister’
JWE
,
hicąk
Proto-Dhegiha
Omaha-Ponca
ittą́ga
RR
Proto-Southeastern
Proto-Biloxi-Ofo
Biloxi
tañkáka, taⁿkákayaⁿ
, †tąkáka
‘male’s younger sister’
D&S:272a
General comment
Here the root htą́ke of sister (2) mSiEl’ is extended to younger sisters, and
the derived form is typically used by a female Ego. The nature of the
derivation is best shown in Biloxi, which has a transparent compound: tąk-aka
= ‘sister (2) mSiEl’ + ‘younger’. The second root áka is encountered in several
other kinterms, where it always designates younger members of a category.
This scenario requires postulating haplology in MVS: -kaka > -ka.
Crow iso•ká ‘her younger sister’ (GG-94, DEC-23) Hidatsa itá•ku ‘her younger
sister’ (J) do not fit phonologically with forms found elsewhere in the
family. The pre-Crow form was *to•ka, pre-Hidatsa perhaps *tu•ka with rightward
vowel exchange and length fixed as a syllable feature. Vowel exchange
typically affects u, not o. In addition, only short o’s raise to u in
Hidatsa. Thus it is difficult to be certain of the Proto-Crow-Hidatsa form.