side (1)

adverb physical_spatial

Proto-Siouan-Catawba

Proto-Siouan *są́•he

Proto-Crow-Hidatsa *a-cahcah-E

Crow áhta ‘near’ GG:64

Hidatsa achá• ‘near’ J

Pre-Mandan *šą•he

Mandan šą́•h ‘be on the other side, across’ [šą́•h dé•hoʔš ‘he went across’] RTC , íšąhe ‘half, part, price’ H:222

Proto-Mississipi-Valley *są́•(rį)

Proto-Dakota *sąní

Lakota sąní ‘on one side, sideways’ RTC , saƞníca , †sąníca ‘on one side, sideways’ EB:452b

Dakota saŋ-ní , †sąní ‘of one side, on one side’ SRR:431a , saŋ-ní-ća , †sąníca ‘on one side’ SRR:431a

Proto-Hoocąk-Chiwere *sá•nįk-

Chiwere θáñikhe JOD , éta^thañyigun , †-θą- ‘on that side’ JGT:869

Hoocąk saanį́k ‘side; direction’ KM:2788 , saanįk, sąąnįk?

Proto-Dhegiha

Quapaw disą́ ‘side, edge’ JOD

Proto-Southeastern

Proto-Biloxi-Ofo

Biloxi saⁿhíⁿ, saⁿhíⁿyaⁿ , †sąhį́ ‘on the other side’ D&S:251b , saⁿhíⁿxa , †sąhį́xa ‘one of a pair’ D&S:251b , isáⁿhiⁿ , †isą́hį ‘at one side or end’ D&S:251b

General comment

The following Lakota forms may be related but lack nasalization: sakhíb ‘together’ B-452 isákhib ‘on the side of, along side of’ mísakhib ‘at my side’ B-233 isákhibya ‘on the side of, beside’ B-233 Cf. ‘brave (2)’ for a parallel to the Crow/Hidatsa developments postulated here. In Proto-Crow-Hidatsa the final -ahe would reduce to the a• still attested in Hidatsa. Reduplication is the key to the internal developments: *a-cahcah-E > *a-chca•. The cluster chc simplifies to ch in Hidatsa and to hc > ht before a in Crow.

Language Cognate Phonetic Siouan Meaning Comment Sources