scrape > dig, scratch

verb physical_contact_manipulation

Proto-Siouan-Catawba

Proto-Siouan *kʔá(-re)

Proto-Mississipi-Valley *-kʔá

Proto-Dakota *kʔA´

Lakota -kʔA´, wa- ‘dig’ EB:534

Dakota ḳa , †kʔá ‘dig’ SRR:301a

Proto-Hoocąk-Chiwere

Hoocąk -kʔá, nąą- ‘scratch with the foot’ KM:2179 , nąąk’a ‘scratch with the fingers’ KM:2681 , -kʔá, ru- , ruk’a

Proto-Southeastern

Proto-Biloxi-Ofo

Biloxi ky’´di , †kyádi ‘scrape, paw the ground’ D&S:207b

General comment

This form is most likely related derivationally to the similar term with e in place of a.

Language Cognate Phonetic Siouan Meaning Comment Sources