particle social_communication

Proto-Siouan-Catawba

Proto-Siouan *ahą́•

Proto-Crow-Hidatsa

Hidatsa ho ‘yes’ J

Pre-Mandan

Mandan hų́• ‘yes’ RTC

Proto-Mississipi-Valley *(a)hą•

Proto-Dakota *(o)hą́

Lakota hą́, ohą́ ‘yes’ RTC

Dakota hą, ho

Sioux Valley hą PAS

Proto-Hoocąk-Chiwere

Chiwere hų́če [no aspiration] GM

Hoocąk hą́, hą́ą ‘female exclamation’ KM:776 , hą, hąą ‘male exclamation’ B&S:935 , éhą , ehą ? , áhą , ahą ?

Proto-Dhegiha *ąhą

Omaha-Ponca ą́hą ‘yes’ JOD

Kanza/Kaw hą ‘yes, female speech’ RR , ąhá RR

Osage oⁿ , †ą LF:121b

Quapaw hǫ , †hą [Cf. hą́ži ‘no, not so’ where -ži is ‘negative’] JOD, RR

Proto-Southeastern *ahą́

Proto-Biloxi-Ofo

Biloxi aⁿ , †ą [female speaker] , aⁿháⁿ , †ąhą́ [male speaker] D&S:177a

Proto-Tutelo-Saponi

Tutelo ahá, aháñ , †ahą́ H

Proto-Catawba

Catawba hįbáʔ KS, MAS