rough (3)

perceptual_tactile

Proto-Siouan-Catawba

Proto-Siouan *xá•ka

Proto-Crow-Hidatsa *xá•ka

Crow xá•ka ‘rash, sores, measles’ GG:60, RGG:102

Hidatsa xá•ka ‘have sores’ J

Pre-Mandan *xá•koh- (?)

Mandan xákohoʔš ‘he itches’ H:309

Proto-Mississipi-Valley

Proto-Dakota

Lakota ɣą́ka ‘bushy’ EB:148a

Proto-Dhegiha *xáka

Omaha-Ponca xaxaga ‘rough’ MAS:149 , xága ‘rough’

Kanza/Kaw waxága ‘thorns’ RR

Osage xága , †xáka ‘bristling, rough in appearance’ LF:217a

Proto-Southeastern

Proto-Biloxi-Ofo

Biloxi daxká , †daxká ‘rough’ D&S:215a

General comment

Introduction of Mandan -ohe, presumably a locative as it is in DH and other dialects, complicates reconstruction.

Language Cognate Phonetic Siouan Meaning Comment Sources