physical_spatial_aquatic
Proto-Siouan-Catawba
Proto-Siouan *awá•tahi (?)
Proto-Crow-Hidatsa *awá•tVhi
Crow áaši ‘river valley, river’ GG:3, RGG:65
Hidatsa awá•thi ‘river’ J
Pre-Mandan
Mandan wą́•ta, wą́•tahe ‘river’ RTC
Proto-Mississipi-Valley
Proto-Dhegiha *wathíška
Omaha-Ponca wačhíška ‘creek’ RR , watícka , †wathíška ‘creek’
Kanza/Kaw wačhį́ška ‘small river, stream, creek’ JOD
Osage waṭsíshka , †wachíška ‘brook’ LF:206b
Quapaw wathíška ‘creek’ RR
This is one of the relatively rare instances of both DH and Hidatsa aspiration. The Mandan term, if it is cognate, may represent an older stage. If this is true, the other languages have undergone irregular syncope (and other unexpected modifications) creating the aspirate secondarily, i.e., *wą•tahe-(ška) > *wątheška > wathiška. The Hidatsa aspiration is clearly secondary. Crow seems to lack the h shown in Hidatsa.
| Language | Cognate | Phonetic Siouan | Meaning | Comment | Sources |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|