weave (2)

noun physical_contact_manipulation

Proto-Siouan-Catawba

Proto-Siouan *sų ~ *šų

Proto-Mississipi-Valley *sų́

Proto-Dakota *sų

Lakota sų ‘plait, braid’ EB:458a , wasų ‘braid in strings, as corn or hair’ EB:550a , onázų ~ onásų ‘braid together, sew or weave’ EB:820

Dakota soŋ ‘plait or braid, as hair or corn’ SRR:438a , wasóŋ , †wasų ‘braid in strings, as corn or hair’ SRR:535b

Proto-Hoocąk-Chiwere

Chiwere wé•θą ‘weaving’ JDH

Hoocąk hakisų́ ‘braid’ KM:609 , hakisų

Proto-Dhegiha *są

Omaha-Ponca ákhibésą ‘fold’

Kanza/Kaw są ‘plaited’

Osage Hoçoⁿ , †hosą ‘Braided-fish’ [personal name]

Quapaw nąxʔésą ‘scalp lock plaited’

Proto-Southeastern

Proto-Biloxi-Ofo

Biloxi tcoⁿ, natcóⁿ , †nąčǫ́ ‘plait’ D&S:265b

General comment

Note the rare occurrence of doublets distinguished only by fricative voicing in MVS. *sų and *zų have nearly identical meanings and must have developed in different phonological contexts. This constitutes important evidence that there really was a voicing rule and that Proto-Siouan only had voiceless fricatives. The Biloxi form shows a reflex of the *š grade.

Language Cognate Phonetic Siouan Meaning Comment Sources