now

adverb time

Proto-Siouan-Catawba

Proto-Siouan

Proto-Mississipi-Valley *rhą

Proto-Dakota *hą

Lakota lehą́ ‘next’ EJ , lehą́yą ‘(used in story telling)’ EJ

Dakota deháŋ ‘now, thus far’ SRR:107b

Proto-Hoocąk-Chiwere

Hoocąk ǰaaǰą́ną ‘when’ KM:1673 , jaająną

Proto-Dhegiha *įthą

Omaha-Ponca iⁿchuⁿ , †į́čhą ‘now’ MJS:127 , įthą , †įthą JOD

Osage įchą ‘modern, new’ LF:78a , iⁿtsoⁿ

Quapaw į́čhoⁿ JOD

Proto-Southeastern

Proto-Biloxi-Ofo

Biloxi naxáxa, naxáx , †naxáxa ‘just now’ D&S:231b

General comment

The MVS cluster *rh is virtually always secondary as far as we can tell, and the normal syncope of the initial, short unaccented syllable in that subgroup would yield the correct sequence, *rVhą́• > *rhą́•.

Language Cognate Phonetic Siouan Meaning Comment Sources