instrumental prefix physical_somatic_body_part

Proto-Siouan-Catawba

Proto-Siouan *ra-

Proto-Crow-Hidatsa *ra-

Crow da- ‘mouth instrumental’ [1s bala-, 2s dalá-, 3s da-]

Hidatsa rá- ‘mouth instrumental’ [1s wara-, 2s rára-, 3s rá-]

Pre-Mandan

Mandan ra- [1s wará-, 2s dará-, 3s ra-]

Proto-Mississipi-Valley *ra-

Proto-Dakota *ra-

Lakota ya- ‘mouth instrumental’ [1s bla-, 2s la-, 3s ya-] EJ

Dakota ya- ‘mouth instrumental’ [1st bda-, 2s da-, 3s ya-, suus gla-]

Proto-Hoocąk-Chiwere *ra-

Chiwere ra- ‘mouth instrumental’

Hoocąk ra- ‘mouth instrumental’ [1s taa-´, 2s šara-, 3s ra-] , ra-

Proto-Dhegiha *ra-

Omaha-Ponca ða- ‘mouth instrumental’ [1s bðá-, 2s šná-, 3s ða-´]

Kanza/Kaw ya-´ ‘mouth instrumental’ [1s blá-, 2s hná-, 3s ya-´]

Osage ða- ‘mouth instrumental’

Quapaw da-´ ‘mouth instrumental’ [1s bdá-, 2s ttá-, 3s da-´]

Proto-Southeastern *ra-

Proto-Biloxi-Ofo *ra-

Biloxi da- ‘mouth instrumental’ [1s nda-, 2s ida-, 3s da-]

Ofo ta- ‘mouth instrumental’ [1s ta- ~ bata- ta- ~ bata-, 2s ita- ~ čita- ~ čata- ĭta- ~ tcĭta- ~ tcata-, 3s ta- ta-]

Proto-Tutelo-Saponi

Tutelo la- ‘mouth instrumental’ [1s wala- wala-, 2s yala- yala-, 3s la- la-]

Proto-Catawba

Catawba rą ‘eat’ , rą ~ nα̨ ‘eating’ , yaⁿ