mother (1) (referential)

noun social_kin

Proto-Siouan-Catawba

Proto-Siouan *i-hų́•

Proto-Crow-Hidatsa

Hidatsa ihú• ‘mother’ J

Pre-Mandan *hų•-

Mandan kohų́•we ~ kohų́•re ~ kohų́•s ‘his mother’ RTC

Proto-Mississipi-Valley *i-hų́•

Proto-Dakota *hų́-ku

Lakota hų́ku ‘his mother’ RTC

Stoney hų́gu ‘mother’ PAS

Proto-Hoocąk-Chiwere *i-hų́•

Chiwere ihų́, ʔihų́ RR

Hoocąk hų• RKH , hųų ?

Proto-Dhegiha *i-hǫ́

Omaha-Ponca ihǫ́ ‘his mother’ RTC

Kanza/Kaw ihǫ́ RR

Osage ihóⁿ , †ihǫ́ ‘mother’ LF:295b

Quapaw ihą́ ~ ihǫ́ JOD

Proto-Southeastern

Proto-Biloxi-Ofo *ǫnį

Biloxi ûⁿní, ûⁿníyaⁿ, û´ⁿniyaⁿ , †ǫnį ‘mother (referential)’ D&S:284b

Ofo oⁿni, oní , †ǫnį ‘mother (referential)’ D&S:328a

Proto-Tutelo-Saponi

Tutelo éhuⁿ, ē´hoⁿ , †ihǫ ~ †ihą LJF , ehĕ´ⁿeⁿ, ihĕ´ⁿeⁿ , †ihǫ ~ †ihą

General comment

The problem of the third person inalienable prefix is not easily resolved. Numerous transcribers noted both i- (usually) and e- (sometimes) for this prefix in OVS and DH languages. The Tutelo forms are hard to interpret in that they show potential length and accent on both syllables. Tutelo ę in the later transcriptions of JOD, Sapir and Frachtenberg is the consistent reflex of . Hoocąk hiʔųnį́ ‘mother’ (KM-814) probably belongs to this set as well, although we are unable to account for the loss of root-initial h.

Language Cognate Phonetic Siouan Meaning Comment Sources