verb perceptual

Proto-Siouan-Catawba

Proto-Siouan *xpą́he

Pre-Mandan

Mandan xąwą́h ‘small’ RTC

Proto-Mississipi-Valley *xpą

Proto-Dakota *xpą

Lakota xpą ‘softened; (has to be in water) waterlogged’ EJ , yaxpą́ ‘moisten or soak in the mouth, dissolve in the mouth’ EB:620 , yuxpą́ ‘soak and make soft (e.g. a piece of leather)’ EB:639 , naxpą́yą ‘moisten with the foot’ EB:345 , waxpą́yą ‘soak anything; soak and take the hair off’ EB:520

Proto-Hoocąk-Chiwere

Chiwere wixwún , †wixwų́ JGT:254

Hoocąk hoxąwą́ ‘be humid, damp’ KM:3874 , hoxąwą ‘soften, v.tr. (by heat?)’ KM:3094 , taaxą́wą , taaxąwą

Proto-Dhegiha *-xpą

Kanza/Kaw dáxpą ‘thaw (by heating)’ RR

Osage daxpoⁿ , †taxpą ‘thaw out’ LF:219b

Quapaw dixpą́ ‘thaw in the hands’ JOD