noun
physical_artefact_dress
Proto-Siouan-Catawba
Proto-Siouan
*hų•pE
Proto-Crow-Hidatsa
*hu•pá
Crow
huupá
‘shoes’
RG
Hidatsa
hu•pá
‘moccasin, shoe’
AWJ
,
watahpa, matahpa
‘my moccasin’
AWJ
Pre-Mandan
Mandan
hųpé
‘shoes’
RTC
Proto-Mississipi-Valley
*hų́pE ~ *hą́pE
Proto-Dakota
*hą́pA
Lakota
hą́pA
‘moccasin’
RTC
Dakota
háŋpa
, †hą́pa
‘moccasins’
SRR:124a
Sioux Valley
hą́p-a pas
Proto-Dhegiha
*hǫpé
Omaha-Ponca
híⁿbe
, †hįbé
‘moccasin’
MJS:121
,
hįbé
, †hįbé
‘moccasin’
Kanza/Kaw
hǫbé
‘moccasin’
RR
Osage
hǫpé
‘moccasin’
RR
Quapaw
hǫpé
‘moccasin’
RR
General comment
This may have been an inalienably possessed, or, at least, typically
possessed noun, and as such would normally have carried a prefix that would
explain its behavior with regard to accent. Both the Dakota accent and Crow/Hidatsa
vowel length suggest proto-accent on the penultimate vowel, which in turn
suggests such a monosyllabic possessive prefix. Differences in the final
vowel are not as easily accounted for, and the fact that the vowel ablauts
in Dakota is not really explicable. Nor are differences in reflexes of the
accented proto-vowel easy to explain. DH frequently undergoes merger of
*ų and *ą to ą but Dakota does not normally follow this pattern.
The Omaha-Ponca vowel is simply irregular, and the peculiar behavior of Mandan accent and
the Hidatsa possessed form round out the roster of interesting irregularities. It
might be worth noting that syncope in the Hidatsa possessed form parallels
syncope of the analogous vowel in Crow dog, q.v., another ablauting
noun.