hand, instrumental

physical_somatic_body_part

Proto-Siouan-Catawba *ru

Proto-Siouan *ru-

Proto-Crow-Hidatsa *ru-

Crow du-, bulu-, dilu-, du-

Hidatsa ru- J , nu-

Pre-Mandan

Mandan ru- RTC

Proto-Mississipi-Valley *ru-

Proto-Dakota yu-

Lakota yu-, blu-, lu-, yu-, *ki + yu > glu-

Proto-Hoocąk-Chiwere *ru(•)-

Chiwere ru- ~ ru•- ~ ri-, hadu ~ haǰi, šlu- ~ šli, ru [ru•- (slow)]

Hoocąk ru-, tuu-´, šuru-, ru- , ru-, tuu, šuru-

Proto-Dhegiha *rü-

Omaha-Ponca ði-, bðí-, šní-, ði-´

Kanza/Kaw yü- ( ~ yi-) blǘ-, hnǘ-, yü-´

Osage ðü- [~ ði-]

Quapaw di-, bdí-, ttí-, di-´

Proto-Southeastern *ru-

Proto-Biloxi-Ofo *ru-

Biloxi du-, ndu-, idu, du-

Ofo tu-, batu-, tcatu-, tu-

Proto-Tutelo-Saponi

Tutelo lu- JOD

Proto-Catawba

Catawba du- ‘action by hand/arm’ [mutating conjugation] FS, KS

General comment

An inner instrumental, i.e., older. This is confirmed by the Catawba conjugation.

Language Cognate Phonetic Siouan Meaning Comment Sources