fight

verb social_war

Proto-Siouan-Catawba

Proto-Siouan *-hki•-

Proto-Crow-Hidatsa *wakía < *wakíhe

Crow bačía ‘fight’ GG:24

Hidatsa wakía ‘make war’ J , makía

Proto-Mississipi-Valley *hkí•-

Proto-Dakota *khíza

Lakota khíza ‘fight’ RTC

Dakota kíza , †khíza ‘fight, quarrel’ SRR:293

Proto-Hoocąk-Chiwere *khí•za

Chiwere khíða RR

Hoocąk kiizá KM:1842 , kiza

Proto-Dhegiha *-hki-Ra

Omaha-Ponca kikína , †kkína ‘fighting’ MAS:77 , ukíte , †okkítte ‘fight’ MAS:77

Osage áḳitha , †áhkiða ‘to contend as in a fight’ LF:12a

Quapaw ákkida ‘attack in return’ JOD

Proto-Southeastern

Proto-Biloxi-Ofo

Ofo kīthĕ´, ákithĕ, kithéhe , †ki•thé ‘fight’ D&S:325b, JSS

Proto-Catawba

Catawba wi•tkərų́ ‘fight’ [KS]

General comment

This root suffers greatly from homophony with the reciprocal, with which it is often combined. The variety of final syllables suggests frequent renewal. Cf. ‘soldier’ for additional possibilities. The Ofo may be from *kih-te < *kih-Re and thus parallel to the DH forms.

Language Cognate Phonetic Siouan Meaning Comment Sources