verb physical_contact_deformation

Proto-Siouan-Catawba

Proto-Siouan *ape•

Proto-Crow-Hidatsa *apé•

Crow ápaalia ‘wrapped around’ GG:11

Hidatsa apé• ‘wrap, coil, wind’ J

Proto-Mississipi-Valley *pe-

Proto-Dakota *pe-

Lakota pemní ‘wrapped, twisted’ RTC , pemní ‘warped, twisted’ EB:441b , pémni, na- ‘twist of itself’ EB:353 , pémni, wa- ‘make crooked or twisted by shaving’ EB:548 , pemni, waká- ‘twist, to swing e.g. a lasso’ EB:526 , pémni, wo- ‘turn aside or twist by blowing or shooting’ EB:607 , pémni, ya- ‘twist, turn or make crooked with the mouth’ EB:625 , pémni, yu- ‘twist, make warp, as a board.’ EB:647 , pémnimni, yu- ‘warp, crook, twist.’ EB:647

Dakota pemní ‘warp, twist’ SRR:419b

Proto-Hoocąk-Chiwere

Chiwere anáwebrin , †anáwebrį ‘twisted together’ JGT:266

Otoe anáwedhin , †anáweðį ‘twisted together’ JGT:266

Proto-Dhegiha *-pe-

Omaha-Ponca thibethiⁿ , †ðibeðį ‘twisted’ MAS:178 , bébðį , †ðibeðį

Kanza/Kaw yübéblį ‘twist’ RR , bubéblį ‘twist until coarse between hand and knee’ JOD, RR , yübéblį ‘twist sth. with the hands’ RR , béšį ‘folded over, hanging down’ RR , bábešį ‘bend by cutting, (knife blade)’ JOD, RR , babéšį ‘bend sth. pushing or punching’ RR , yubéšį ‘bend sth. slightly, roll up the sleeves.’ RR

Osage béshiⁿ , †péšį ‘flared LF-26b’ , beṭóⁿ , †pethą́ ‘fold goods’ LF:26b , thibébthiⁿ , †ðipébrį ‘twist’ LF:144b

Quapaw bibébni ‘twist, roll with the palms vt’ [ppíbebni špíbebni bibebni] RR , dibébnį ‘twist with the hands vt’ [bdíbebnį ttíbebnį dibebni] RR , bešǫ́ ‘wrinkled, fold’ [bdíbešį ttíbešį dibes/i] JOD , béšį, ka- ‘dull a tool trying to sharpen’ [bdíbexʔį ttíbexʔį dibex/i] RR , bešį́, di- ‘bend sth. backwards v’ RR , bexʔį́, dí- ‘bend down, pull down vt’ RR

Proto-Southeastern *aphe•ni

Proto-Biloxi-Ofo *aphé•ni

Biloxi apĕní, apĕ´ni , †apenį ‘go around an object’ D&S:174a

Ofo aphé̄ni , †aphé•nį ‘fold’ D&S:321a, JSS

Proto-Tutelo-Saponi

Tutelo waqópenĭ , †-penį ‘twist, as a cord’ HW