noun
plant
Proto-Siouan-Catawba
Proto-Siouan
Proto-Mississipi-Valley
Proto-Dakota
*čhąšá
Lakota
čhąšáša
‘kinikinik, Cornus stolonifera’
RTC
Dakota
ćaŋśáśa
, †čhąšáša
‘bark for mixing with smoking tobacco, may be dogwood or willow’
SRR:92a
Proto-Hoocąk-Chiwere
Hoocąk
mąąsíxočgejája
‘clusters of red willows’
KM:2016
,
mąąsixocgejaja
Proto-Dhegiha
*mą́sa hü
Omaha-Ponca
maⁿsaḣtihiⁿ
‘Cornus asperifolia’
Kanza/Kaw
mą́sa hü
‘dogwood, arrow shaft bush’
RR
Osage
moⁿça hi
, †mą́sa hü
‘arrowwood’
LF:95b
Quapaw
mą́sa (hi)
‘dogwood, Cornus’
RR
,
mása žítte
‘bark used for kinikinik’
RR
General comment
Although similar, the Mandan and Dakota forms are not fully cognate. Both
terms contain the root for ‘tree, wood’, q.v. The remainder, ša, cannot be
cognate because the fricatives fail to show the proper match. The Dakota form is
transparently ‘red wood’ and the Mandan term may be a loan blend. Both terms
are influenced by ‘tobacco’, q.v. Note Lakota čhąswóžu (B-123a) or čhąšwóžu
(EJ) ‘a growth of trees in a bottom’ in which the proper fricative match for
the Mandan form may appear (depending on which form is historically correct).
In DH mą́sa is the term for ‘arrow shaft’, so this dogwood term is not
cognate with its Mandan or Dakota analog, although dogwood bark is mixed with
tobacco to make kinikinik among the DH tribes too. It is probable that Hoocąk
goes together with DH here. The two distinct sets are kept together here for
their ethnobotanical interest only.