cough

verb physical_somatic_function

Proto-Siouan-Catawba

Proto-Siouan [old reconstruction only]

Proto-Crow-Hidatsa

Hidatsa haxphí ‘sneeze’ J

Pre-Mandan *xpí-

Mandan pxíʔš RTC , he sneezed

Proto-Mississipi-Valley *hó_xpe

Proto-Dakota *ho_xpá

Lakota ho_xpá ‘cough’ RTC

Dakota hoḣpa , †hoxpa ‘cough’ WM:40a

Proto-Hoocąk-Chiwere

Chiwere hóxwe RR

Hoocąk hooxíwi ‘cough’ KM:1460 , hooxiwi

Proto-Dhegiha *hó-_xpe

Omaha-Ponca húxpe , †hóxpe ‘cough’ MAS:48

Kanza/Kaw hóxpe ‘cough’ RR

Osage húxpe , †hóxpe ‘hawk, clear one’s throat’ LF:68b

Quapaw hóxpe ‘cough’ RR

General comment

The MVS form is a noun-verb compound, the noun being the Proto-Siouan root *hó ‘voice’. Conjugation precedes the second element. The term seems relatively reconstructible even though there are evidently imitative elements.

Note that the Hoocąk vowel matches the Hidatsa vowel. Perhaps cf. ‘weak’.

Language Cognate Phonetic Siouan Meaning Comment Sources