climb

verb physical_motion

Proto-Siouan-Catawba

Proto-Siouan *aRí•

Pre-Mandan *rįʔ-

Mandan rį́ʔroʔš ‘he’s climbing’ RTC

Proto-Mississipi-Valley *a-Ri

Proto-Dakota *aRí

Lakota alí ‘climb’ RTC

Dakota adí SRR

Proto-Hoocąk-Chiwere *ho-Ri

Chiwere a•hó•ñi(•) RR , ahóñį GM

Hoocąk hotí ‘climb’ [tree + climb] KM:1533 , hoti ‘climb a tree’ KM:2249 , nąątí , nąąti, nąą hoti

Proto-Dhegiha á-Re

Omaha-Ponca áne ‘climb’ , ágine ‘climb one’s own’ JOD

Kanza/Kaw áǰe ‘climb’ RR

Osage *áce ádse LF:7b

Quapaw átte, áte JOD

Proto-Southeastern

Proto-Biloxi-Ofo *arí•

Biloxi adí ‘climb, climbing’ D&S:170a

Ofo atī´kna , †atí•kna ‘climb’ D&S:322a, JSS

General comment

The intrusive -ho- of Chiwere/Hoocąk is unexplained. The final vowels of the DH reflexes have been regularized to the most common stem formative, -E.

Mandan ordinarily moves glottalization over the vowel to its right, so that, in this instance *R may stem from an earlier *rʔ, although this cluster is otherwise unattested and may itself be secondary.

Language Cognate Phonetic Siouan Meaning Comment Sources