trap

physical_contact_manipulation

Proto-Siouan-Catawba

Proto-Siouan *kų

Proto-Crow-Hidatsa

Hidatsa wa•ʔi•kiku ‘trap; lit. sth. w. which to trap sth.’ J , ma•ʔi•kiku ‘fishhook’ J , íhkikua ‘fishing tackle’ J , mua ihkikua

Pre-Mandan

Mandan kų́•roʔš ‘he trapped it’ RTC , póʔiʔikų ‘fishing tackle’ RTC

Proto-Southeastern

Proto-Biloxi-Ofo

Biloxi ḳaⁿ, kaⁿ , †ką ‘noose, trap’ D&S:202a , kañḳoⁿ, ḳaⁿḳoⁿni , †ką ‘trapping, trap’ D&S:202a , ûⁿḳoḳóⁿ , †ką ‘fishhook’ , okŭki , †ką ‘to fish’

Ofo okhô´ñki , †okhą́ki ‘to fish’

General comment

Lakota †gmų́katrap’ (B-162a) and Dakota †hmų́ka ‘set a trap, to trap’ (R-150b) probably do not belong to this set. Dakotan gm- clusters usually turn out not to have cognates elsewhere in Siouan, and often seem to be from borrowed Algonquian kwVn clusters, cf. ‘cucurbit (1)’ and ‘cucurbit(2)’. In this instance, compare Miami kimihatrap’, ‘deadfall’; kokimikotakani ‘spring or steel trap’ (Voegelin 1939:305) and Shawnee nakwaaka ‘steel trap’ (ibid. p. 378) for suggestive similarities. In addition, cf. the following Ojibwe (and related dialect) forms (Rhodes 1985: 295-6): ngwaagan ‘rainbow, trap, spider’s web’ (n.i.)(p. 296) pl.

ngwaagnan; n’gwaadang (vti) ‘snare’ (p. 295); n’gwaanaad (vta) ‘snare s.o.’ (p. 296). The Biloxitrap’ terms may be derived from ‘cord, sinew, vein (1)’ and thus not be cognate.

Language Cognate Phonetic Siouan Meaning Comment Sources