beads

noun physical_artefact_dress_jewelry

Proto-Siouan-Catawba

Proto-Siouan

Proto-Crow-Hidatsa *pca, *paca

Crow čiptáa ‘string beads’ RGG:41, GG:39 , páataa ‘hem a garment’ GG:53

Hidatsa wa•páca ‘string of beads (in progress)’ [< wa• + páca] J , ma•páca ‘to string, thread, lace, do beadwork’ [< ki + pca] J , kipca ‘string beads, lace up, pull all together > listen’ J , páca ‘string beads, bead sth.’ J , ípca•

Pre-Mandan

Mandan wąpúša ‘seed beads’ H:272 , wą́rąpušak ‘juneberries’ RTC

Proto-Mississipi-Valley

Proto-Dakota

Lakota pšithó ‘beads’ EB:447a, EJ

Dakota śiptó , †šiptó ‘beads’ SRR:445a

Proto-Dhegiha

Kanza/Kaw wašǘška ‘beads, shell used in beadwork’ RR

Osage wapshúshka ‘beads’ LF:198b

General comment

There are numerous irregularities in this set, and various metatheses and vowel transpositions must be assumed. The forms may well turn out to be related by post-contact borrowing rather than cognacy. For example, synchronically the Osage form would reflect underlying waphǘška as Proto-Mississipi-Valley *pš > š throughout DH. Note also the metathesis in Dakota.

Language Cognate Phonetic Siouan Meaning Comment Sources