teen formative

enclitic n/a

Proto-Siouan-Catawba

Proto-Siouan *ake

Pre-Mandan *a•k-

Mandan á•k- ‘over; teen formative’ RTC

Proto-Mississipi-Valley

Proto-Dakota

Lakota akhé ‘again; teen formative’ RTC

Proto-Southeastern

Proto-Tutelo-Saponi

Tutelo age-, aki-, agi- , †aki- ‘teen formative’ H

Proto-Catawba

Woccon Tonne hauk pea , †hak ‘eleven’ JL

General comment

This seems to be a specialization of ‘across > over, beyond, above’. In Lakota the inherited, unaspirated teen formative has merged with (been replaced by) the near homonym akhé ‘again’. Chiwere and DH use reflexes of *a-krį ‘sitting upon’ to form numerals between ten and twenty.

Language Cognate Phonetic Siouan Meaning Comment Sources