smoke tobacco, pipe

noun social_culture

Proto-Siouan-Catawba *ųpa

Proto-Siouan *ų•pa

Proto-Crow-Hidatsa *ó•pV

Crow óopa ‘tobacco’ GG:52

Hidatsa ó•pi ‘tobacco’ J

Proto-Mississipi-Valley *ųpa

Proto-Dakota *ų́pA

Lakota ʔų́pa ‘to smoke’ RTC , čhanų́pa ‘pipe < tobacco + smoke’

Dakota uŋpa , †ųpa ‘to smoke (tobacco)’ SRR:86b

Proto-Hoocąk-Chiwere

Chiwere láhnųwe ‘pipe’ GM

Proto-Dhegiha *-ǫpa

Omaha-Ponca niníba ‘pipe’ MAS:137

Kanza/Kaw nąnǫ̂•ba ‘pipe’ RR

Osage noⁿníoⁿba , †nąnį́ǫpa ‘pipe’ LF:116a

Quapaw taníba ‘pipe’ RR

Proto-Catawba

Catawba ųpa• ‘tobacco’ KS, ASG , ʔę•pa• ‘tobacco’ KS, MAS , į́pa PV:11

General comment

Cf. Iroquoian terms (under ‘tobacco’), where kw substitutes for p. This is another term with look-alikes found all the way to the Pacific coast, although it may have arrived in Siouan-Catawban early enough to be reconstructible. It generally no longer means ‘tobacco’ in most of Siouan. The DH initial vowel correspondences are explained by the fact that this term is only found compounded with *Ranį́-hü ‘tobacco’. Cf. also ‘drink, inhale smoke’. Mandan is not represented among the cognates here as the term would be homophonous with ‘copulate (1)’, q.v. Terms of roughly this shape are common loanwords in much of North America, so it is not at all certain that this is a native Siouan-Catawban etymon; it may well have been a very early loan.

Other languages

  • “Lumbee” “Openna” via RR; Cf. PMusk *xakčoma. (-oma ?) (RR)
Language Cognate Phonetic Siouan Meaning Comment Sources