sister (4) wSiEl

noun social_kin

Proto-Siouan-Catawba

Proto-Siouan *i-yų́•(-ʔi)

Proto-Crow-Hidatsa

Hidatsa irú• ‘her older sister’ J

Pre-Mandan *-rųk

Mandan wįrų́k ‘my elder sister, female speaker’ RTC

Proto-Mississipi-Valley *iyų́•ʔi

Proto-Dakota *čhų-

Lakota čhuwé ‘woman’s elder sister’ RTC

Dakota ćuŋ

Assiniboine čhųgu [Sask.] PAS

Yanktonai ćuŋwí

Stoney čhųgú- PAS:670

Proto-Hoocąk-Chiwere *iyų́•ną

Chiwere hiyúną ‘my older sister’ RR

Otoe iyų́•ną ‘woman’s sister’ JDH

Hoocąk nų́ųnų ‘(man or) woman’s older sister’ KM:2392 , nųųnų

Proto-Dhegiha *ižǫ́re ~ *ižǫ́ʔe

Omaha-Ponca žǫðihą ‘woman’s elder sister (voc.)’ RTC , izhúⁿthe F&LF:316

Kanza/Kaw ižówe RR

Osage izhóⁿthe , †ižǫ́ðe ‘her elder sister’ LF:82b

Quapaw ižǫ́de, ežǫ́de RR, JOD

General comment

Since Hoocąk, Mandan and MRS merge *y/*r, mixing with ‘old’ is possible. Cf.

*rų•old, mature’. Loss of post accentual ʔ leads to insertion of the usual intervocalic r glide in several languages, w in others. Final -i rather than -e is the lectio difficilior here and therefore may be the reconstruction.

Language Cognate Phonetic Siouan Meaning Comment Sources