verb
physical_motion
Proto-Siouan-Catawba
Proto-Siouan
*wa-htą́he
Proto-Crow-Hidatsa
Crow
basáa
‘run’
GG:28
Pre-Mandan
*ptÉh-
Mandan
ptéhoʔš
‘he’s running’
RTC
Proto-Mississipi-Valley
Proto-Dhegiha
*htą́-_rį
Omaha-Ponca
tóⁿthiⁿ
, †ttą́ðį
‘run’
MAS:150
Kanza/Kaw
ttą́ye ~ ttąyį
‘human to run’
RR
Osage
tóⁿthiⁿ
, †htą́ðį
‘run (two-legged)’
LF:156a
Quapaw
ttónį
‘run’
RR
Proto-Southeastern
Proto-Biloxi-Ofo
*athą́hi
Biloxi
taⁿhíⁿ, táⁿhiⁿ
, †tą́hį
‘run’
D&S:271b
Ofo
ā´thoⁿhi
, †á•thąhi
‘run’
D&S:322a,
JSS
,
abatxa´abĕ
, †abatháʔabe
‘I am going to run’
D&S:322a
General comment
The Mandan, Biloxi, and Ofo forms look like he-final roots. Biloxi seems to
have spread the nasalization to the final syllable. Loss of nasalization in
Mandan, though frequently paralleled in other words, is not as yet accounted
for. Although there are irregularities in this set, it does appear that DH
may have lost post tonic *he, as it normally does, and reanalysed the
verb as a compound with Proto-Dhegiha *_(r)į ‘be in motion’. This was a natural
reanalysis because *mą-_( r)į ‘walk’ presented such a close parallel.
It should be noted however that the presence here, whether as an innovation
or retention, of į is an areal feature found only in the South. There
are still many unanswered questions about this set. Cf. ‘walk (1)’. The Crow
vowel length here is probably due to syllable collapse, which obscures
possible evidence for vowel length in Proto-Siouan.