verb physical_contact_deformation

Proto-Siouan-Catawba

Proto-Siouan *-šá-pE

Pre-Mandan

Mandan rusápoʔš ‘he peels it’ RH:199 , patap ‘to peel, slice’ H:244 , rutap ‘to peel’ H:244

Proto-Mississipi-Valley *-žape

Proto-Hoocąk-Chiwere

Hoocąk ružáp ‘strip’ [ii ‘mouth’] KM:4001 , ružap ‘be open-mouthed’ KM:4001 , iižáp ‘shine, v.tr. ; slip, slide, v.intr.’ KM:4001 , iižap ‘go beyond, go all the way through’ KM:4001 , gižáp ‘slip, v.intr.’ KM:4001 , gižap ‘slip, v.intr.’ KM:4001 , hibožáp , hibožap , nąąžáp , nąąžap , wažáp , wažap

Proto-Dhegiha *-žape

Omaha-Ponca ¢ijabe , †ðižábe JOD

Kanza/Kaw bážabe ‘skin, pare, strip bark from’ RR , bažábe ‘peel, whittle bark off’ RR , yüžábe ‘peel sth.’ RR

Osage thizhábe , †ðüžape ‘peel bark off’ LF:152a

Proto-Southeastern

Proto-Biloxi-Ofo

Biloxi tcûtcapi ‘slippery’ D&S:267a , tûtcápyi ‘slippery’ D&S:267a , tûtca´pyixtiyĕ´ , †tučápixtiyé ‘make very slippery’ D&S:267a