noun
animal_bird
Proto-Siouan-Catawba
Proto-Siouan
*kye-tą́he ~ *kye-tų́he
Pre-Mandan
Mandan
titą́he
‘hawk’
H:252
Proto-Mississipi-Valley
*kyetą́ ~ *kyetų́
Proto-Dakota
*čhetą́
Lakota
čhetą́
‘hawk’
EB:130b
Proto-Hoocąk-Chiwere
*gredų́
Chiwere
gretũʹ
‘hawk’
LWR:8
Hoocąk
kereǰų́sep
‘Black Hawk (name)’
KM:1796
,
kerejųsep, kerejų
Proto-Dhegiha
*kretą́
Omaha-Ponca
gthedoⁿ´
, †gðedǫ́
‘sparrow hawk’
F&LF:105
Kanza/Kaw
ledą́
‘hawk’
RR
Osage
gthedoⁿ´
, †letą́
‘hawk, falcon’
LF:54b
Quapaw
kdetą́
‘smallest variety of hawk’
JOD
Proto-Southeastern
Proto-Biloxi-Ofo
Biloxi
kyĕtoⁿhí
, †kyetǫhí
‘duck hawk’
D&S:218a
General comment
Ofo tutá ‘hawk’ (DS-331b) looks related, but is from ‘eat’ instead.
Variability between *ą and *ų in MVS is not uncommon, the two
having merged at least partially in DH. This noun is interesting for other
reasons however. It appears to be composed of three elements *kye-,
specific meaning unknown (but cf. *kyą- ‘Buteo’), which is segmentable
only by comparing Mandan with the rest, *-tą́/ų́, the second part the root,
and *-he, a very common final syllable and probable Proto-Siouan suffix.
Root-initial t should be aspirated if its position as second syllable
initial goes back to Proto-Siouan, but it is not, so initial k- may well be the
reflex of an additional syllable. Nor is the second syllable vowel
lengthened. There are several unanswered questions here.