growl > grunt (1)

verb perceptual_auditory

Proto-Siouan-Catawba

Proto-Siouan *xrą́

Pre-Mandan

Mandan xrą́hah ‘growl’ H:322

Proto-Mississipi-Valley *xrą́

Proto-Dakota *xną

Lakota xná ‘growl, grunt’ RTC

Dakota ḣna , †xná ‘snort’ SRR:165b

Proto-Dhegiha *xrą

Osage xthoⁿ , †xlą ‘sulk, pout, peeved’ LF:220b

Quapaw óxną ‘angry, irritated, cross’ JOD

General comment

Cf. ‘thunder (2)’.

Language Cognate Phonetic Siouan Meaning Comment Sources