noun physical_somatic_body_part
Proto-Siouan-Catawba
Proto-Siouan
Proto-Mississipi-Valley *i-ráke
Proto-Dakota *čhaká
Lakota čhaká ‘palate’ RTC
Dakota ćaká ‘the palate, roof of the mouth, gills’ SRR:84b
Proto-Dhegiha *i-ráke
Kanza/Kaw ho yáge ‘gills’ RR
Osage ho íthage , †ho íðake ‘(fish) gills’ LF:63b
Quapaw táka ‘gills’ JOD
Lakota čh, DH *r betray the presence earlier of an inalienable possessive prefix, *i-, on this body part term. Osage alone among the daughter languages has kept (or restored?) the prefix. There has been a (not uncommon) accent shift rightward in Lakota after loss of the old prefix. The identity of the final vowel is unclear here. Lakota stress placement indicates that the final vowel is not the ablauting vowel, an interpretation supported by the final vowel in Quapaw, but since -E is a feature of verbs in Siouan, spreading to nouns only analogically, this noun could have had *-e. The Quapaw form also shows an unexpected reflex of *R instead of *r.
| Language | Cognate | Phonetic Siouan | Meaning | Comment | Sources |
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