noun plant
Proto-Siouan-Catawba
Proto-Siouan *pʔé < *wa-ʔé•
Proto-Crow-Hidatsa
Hidatsa wiraʔí• ‘elm’ J , miraʔí•
Pre-Mandan
Mandan wráwi ‘elm’ H:300
Proto-Mississipi-Valley *pʔé < **wa-ʔé• RR
Proto-Dakota *pʔé
Lakota pʔéčhą
Dakota p̣e , †pʔe ‘elm’ SRR:429a
Proto-Hoocąk-Chiwere
Chiwere a•wé•grąŋe RR
Proto-Dhegiha *e-
Omaha-Ponca ežą JOD
Kanza/Kaw ehǘ ~ éhü ‘elm’ RR
Osage éhü ‘elm’ RR
Quapaw ehí ‘elm’ JOD
Most of the languages compound ‘elm’ with ‘wood’ or ‘tree’: ‘tree + elm’ in Hidatsa and Mandan; ‘elm + tree’ elsewhere. Elm appears to be from *wa + ʔe/i. *wa- loses its vowel as usual in this context leaving *w-ʔe or *w-ʔi, which > pʔe/i. Note, however, that this development is different from the 1Act forms of verbs whose roots begin with ʔ and where the prefix also takes the form wa-. This may ultimately aid in seriation of nominal and verbal morphologies.
| Language | Cognate | Phonetic Siouan | Meaning | Comment | Sources |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|