verb physical_contact_deformation

Proto-Siouan-Catawba

Proto-Siouan *-ká (?)

Proto-Mississipi-Valley -ká

Proto-Dakota

Lakota ká, pa- ‘push down or break down e.g. ribs of an animal’ [nasalized A] EB:427b , ka, ipá- ‘draw back, as meat from ribs when cooked, or as husks of corn when ripe; prop up (with a stick)’ EB:230b, EJ , ká, pa- ‘split or cut a slit in for an arrowhead’ EB:427b , ká, wa- ‘cut or strip, as the feather from a quill; to cut off e.g. the ribs of an animal; to split a quill in the middle’ EB:523b , káhA, wa- ‘split, as the feather end of a quill’ EB:524a , ká, ya- ‘split with the mouth, as the feather end of a quill’ EB:622a , ká, yu- ‘strip off e.g. the feather part of a quill’ EB:641a

Proto-Dhegiha *-ka

Omaha-Ponca ága-’cut into slices’

Kanza/Kaw wágaye ‘cut off in strips’ RR , gá, yu- ‘husk corn, hull nuts’ RR

Osage ága , †áka ‘slice meat for drying’ LF:7b

Quapaw áka ‘cut, slice on something’ JOD , ká, di- ‘strip off, as leaves’ RR

Proto-Southeastern

Proto-Biloxi-Ofo

Biloxi akĕ´ ‘use a knife, (i.e., to cut with it)’ D&S:170b